The Linguistic, Social, Psychological and Cultural “Religious” Dimensions of COVID- 19 Pandemic
(Caricature literature as a model - a study from the presentation of contemporary Islamic thought)
الكلمات المفتاحية:
The caricature, Islamic thought, religious criticism, change, the Holy Qur’an, Islamic law, sarcasm
الملخص
Humor (also known as laughter, comedy and satire) is a social and a human phenomenon in all nations. Since ancient times, humor was used as drawings in ancient Egypt “pharaohs” that was used on ancient Egyptian walls. Naturally, the development of societies affects on the meanings of the concepts, as an example the term caricature has appeared at the end of the 16th century. The term caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or through other artistic drawings.
The term irony has been used in the dictionaries; the term irony has its roots in the Greek comic character Eiron, while in the Arabic dictionaries the word irony is “al-sukhriah” that has derived from the verb “sakhir”, as the phrase I made fun of him “Ana sakhirtu mnhu”. According to Abu Zaid and Al-Akhfash, who have stated that the noun of irony is “alsukhriah”, by using kasra or damma on the letters.
المراجع
1 Al-Jawhari, Ismail bin Hammad: Taj Al-Arabia and Sahaah Al- Arabia, 4th edition, Dar al-Hadith, Cairo, 2009, Sakhr, p. 213.
2 Al-Safat verse: 140.
3 Ibn Mandhur, Jamal al-Din Mohammed bin Makram: Tongue of the Arabs, part 7, 3rd edition, Dar Sader, Beirut, 2005, sakhr, p. 412.
4 Hud verse: 38.
5 Al-Fayrouz Abadi, Majd uddin Mohammed: The Surrounding Dictionary, 3rd edition, Introduction and Commentary: Abu al-Wafa Nasr al-Shafei, Scientific Book House, Beirut, 2009, sakhr, p. 430.
6 Ibn Fares, Abu Al-Hussein Ahmed: Dictionary of Language Measures, Part 3, 6th edition, investigated by: Abdessalam Haroun, Arab Thought House, Beirut, 1979, p. 349.
7 Ibid: pp. 212-213.
8 Cf. Zadeh, Shamsi: Satirical Literature (Genres and Evolution), Journal of Contemporary Literature Studies, Third Year, Vol. (12), p. 108.
9 Cf. Obeid, Ahmed Al-Ghaffar: Humor Literature at al-Jahdh, Al-Saada Press, Cairo, 1982, Digital Library, p. 106; Maryam Afana: The Compositional Level in The Discourse of Irony (Omar Taher as an Example), p. 329.
10 Albu Jadidi, Ali: Space in satirical caricature (cartoons of Naji al-Ali), Kufa magazine, Issue: (2), 2013, p. 194.
11 Ibid 194.
12 Ibid: 195.
13 Ibid: 195.
14 Ibid: 195.
15 Borce defined the icon: as it is a sign that has a character that makes it a function, even if its subject is absent. The iconic sign is a sign that has some characteristics of the actor thing; P. 116.
16 Albu Jadidi, p. 195.
17 Cf. Ali Abbas Al-Assal: The Artistic Influence in the Social Pattern of The Caricature, 1st edition, Dar al-Mada, Baghdad, 2013, p. 17.
18 Dina Mohammed Fathi Al-Alfi: The Role of Caricature in Dealing with Social Issues (1992-2002), Master's Thesis- Girls' College of Arts, Sciences and Education / Ain Shams University, 2007, p. 67.
19 Zadeh Shamsi, p. 104.
20 Cf. Mohammed Al-Zamori: The Poetry of Sarcasm in the Short Story (Deliberative Functions of Speech), 1st edition, Publications: Young Researchers Group, Meknes, (No date), pp. 16-17.
21 Cf. Muhammad al-Zamori, p. 56.
22 Ibid: 59.
23 Ibid: 52-53.
24 Muhammad al-Zamori, p. 46.
25 Hamed Abdo Al-Hawaal: Sarcasm in Al-Mazeni Literature, 1st edition, Egyptian General Book Commission, Cairo, 1982, p. 18.
26 Ibid: 18.
27 Cf. Jamal Muqabala: Satirical Literature (Sarcasm and Sarcasm), Ideas Magazine, Issue: (267), 2011, Amman, pp. 133-134.
28 Ibid: 136.
29 Cf. Muhammad al-Zmori, pp. 44-45.
30 Ibid: 47.
31 Cf. Abbas Mezher Alwan: The rhetoric of ridicule in the Iraqi folk proverb, 1st edition, Dar al-Nabras, Baghdad, 1991, p. 34.
32 Aristotle Thales: Oratory and Poetry, 1st edition, translated by: Abderrahmane Badawi, Egyptian Renaissance Library, 1953, p. 169.
33 Ibid: 174.
34 Ibid: 169.
35 Mutawakkil Taha: Satirical and the Body, 3rd edition, Phoenix Foundation, Ramallah- Palestine, 2001, p. 157.
36 Ibid: 14.
37 Jaafar Barq al-Haddad: Sarcasm (its dimensions and psychological and social curves), 1st edition, Dar al-Wasat, Baghdad, 2013, p. 64.
38 Ahmed Matar: Complete Works (Banners), 6th edition, Preparation and Presentation: Momen Al-Mohammadi, Nouns Publishing House, Cairo, 2007, p. 225.
39 Hafiz Kozi Abdel Ali: The Purposeful Irony in Ahmed Matar's Poetry and Literature, Volume: (1), Issue: (15), 2012, pp. 149-150.
40 Mahmoud Darwish: Eleven Planets, 4th edition, Dar al-Awda, Beirut, 1993, p. 7.
41 Abdel Halim Haqqi: Satirical Photography in the Qur'an, 1st edition, Egyptian General Book Commission, Cairo, 1992, p. 27.
Fahima Kazem Omran: The Formal and Content Dimensions of the Caricature, A Graduate Research presented to the Faculty of Media- Department of Journalism/ University of Baghdad, 2006, p. 27.
43 Cf. Mohammed Nayef Abu al-Waz: Condensation in Caricature, 1st edition, Qandil Printing, Publishing and Distribution House, Baghdad, 1998, p. 42.
44 Cf. Mohammed Turki Abdul Halim: The Careers and Social Dimensions of Cartoon Art, 1st edition, Ibn Sina Printing and Publishing House, Baghdad, 2013, p. 43.
45 Ibid: 43-44.
46 Mohammed Nayef Abu al-Waz, p 67.
2 Al-Safat verse: 140.
3 Ibn Mandhur, Jamal al-Din Mohammed bin Makram: Tongue of the Arabs, part 7, 3rd edition, Dar Sader, Beirut, 2005, sakhr, p. 412.
4 Hud verse: 38.
5 Al-Fayrouz Abadi, Majd uddin Mohammed: The Surrounding Dictionary, 3rd edition, Introduction and Commentary: Abu al-Wafa Nasr al-Shafei, Scientific Book House, Beirut, 2009, sakhr, p. 430.
6 Ibn Fares, Abu Al-Hussein Ahmed: Dictionary of Language Measures, Part 3, 6th edition, investigated by: Abdessalam Haroun, Arab Thought House, Beirut, 1979, p. 349.
7 Ibid: pp. 212-213.
8 Cf. Zadeh, Shamsi: Satirical Literature (Genres and Evolution), Journal of Contemporary Literature Studies, Third Year, Vol. (12), p. 108.
9 Cf. Obeid, Ahmed Al-Ghaffar: Humor Literature at al-Jahdh, Al-Saada Press, Cairo, 1982, Digital Library, p. 106; Maryam Afana: The Compositional Level in The Discourse of Irony (Omar Taher as an Example), p. 329.
10 Albu Jadidi, Ali: Space in satirical caricature (cartoons of Naji al-Ali), Kufa magazine, Issue: (2), 2013, p. 194.
11 Ibid 194.
12 Ibid: 195.
13 Ibid: 195.
14 Ibid: 195.
15 Borce defined the icon: as it is a sign that has a character that makes it a function, even if its subject is absent. The iconic sign is a sign that has some characteristics of the actor thing; P. 116.
16 Albu Jadidi, p. 195.
17 Cf. Ali Abbas Al-Assal: The Artistic Influence in the Social Pattern of The Caricature, 1st edition, Dar al-Mada, Baghdad, 2013, p. 17.
18 Dina Mohammed Fathi Al-Alfi: The Role of Caricature in Dealing with Social Issues (1992-2002), Master's Thesis- Girls' College of Arts, Sciences and Education / Ain Shams University, 2007, p. 67.
19 Zadeh Shamsi, p. 104.
20 Cf. Mohammed Al-Zamori: The Poetry of Sarcasm in the Short Story (Deliberative Functions of Speech), 1st edition, Publications: Young Researchers Group, Meknes, (No date), pp. 16-17.
21 Cf. Muhammad al-Zamori, p. 56.
22 Ibid: 59.
23 Ibid: 52-53.
24 Muhammad al-Zamori, p. 46.
25 Hamed Abdo Al-Hawaal: Sarcasm in Al-Mazeni Literature, 1st edition, Egyptian General Book Commission, Cairo, 1982, p. 18.
26 Ibid: 18.
27 Cf. Jamal Muqabala: Satirical Literature (Sarcasm and Sarcasm), Ideas Magazine, Issue: (267), 2011, Amman, pp. 133-134.
28 Ibid: 136.
29 Cf. Muhammad al-Zmori, pp. 44-45.
30 Ibid: 47.
31 Cf. Abbas Mezher Alwan: The rhetoric of ridicule in the Iraqi folk proverb, 1st edition, Dar al-Nabras, Baghdad, 1991, p. 34.
32 Aristotle Thales: Oratory and Poetry, 1st edition, translated by: Abderrahmane Badawi, Egyptian Renaissance Library, 1953, p. 169.
33 Ibid: 174.
34 Ibid: 169.
35 Mutawakkil Taha: Satirical and the Body, 3rd edition, Phoenix Foundation, Ramallah- Palestine, 2001, p. 157.
36 Ibid: 14.
37 Jaafar Barq al-Haddad: Sarcasm (its dimensions and psychological and social curves), 1st edition, Dar al-Wasat, Baghdad, 2013, p. 64.
38 Ahmed Matar: Complete Works (Banners), 6th edition, Preparation and Presentation: Momen Al-Mohammadi, Nouns Publishing House, Cairo, 2007, p. 225.
39 Hafiz Kozi Abdel Ali: The Purposeful Irony in Ahmed Matar's Poetry and Literature, Volume: (1), Issue: (15), 2012, pp. 149-150.
40 Mahmoud Darwish: Eleven Planets, 4th edition, Dar al-Awda, Beirut, 1993, p. 7.
41 Abdel Halim Haqqi: Satirical Photography in the Qur'an, 1st edition, Egyptian General Book Commission, Cairo, 1992, p. 27.
Fahima Kazem Omran: The Formal and Content Dimensions of the Caricature, A Graduate Research presented to the Faculty of Media- Department of Journalism/ University of Baghdad, 2006, p. 27.
43 Cf. Mohammed Nayef Abu al-Waz: Condensation in Caricature, 1st edition, Qandil Printing, Publishing and Distribution House, Baghdad, 1998, p. 42.
44 Cf. Mohammed Turki Abdul Halim: The Careers and Social Dimensions of Cartoon Art, 1st edition, Ibn Sina Printing and Publishing House, Baghdad, 2013, p. 43.
45 Ibid: 43-44.
46 Mohammed Nayef Abu al-Waz, p 67.
منشور
2024-04-20
كيفية الاقتباس
Assist. Prof. Dr. Alaa Abd Al- Hussein Mohammed, & Associate Prof. Dr. Mariam Taha Aref Afaneh. (2024). The Linguistic, Social, Psychological and Cultural “Religious” Dimensions of COVID- 19 Pandemic: (Caricature literature as a model - a study from the presentation of contemporary Islamic thought). International Journal on Humanities and Social Sciences, (56), 157-174. https://doi.org/10.33193/IJoHSS.56.2024.698
إصدار
القسم
المقالات
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2024 Assist. Prof. Dr. Alaa Abd Al- Hussein Mohammed , Associate Prof. Dr. Mariam Taha Aref Afaneh
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